UNO Facts | United Nations Agencies And Their Roles
World largest international organisation and a successor of League of Nations. (League of Nations was formed after the I World War, but it failed).
The Charter of the UN was signed at San Francisco on June 26, 1945, at a meeting of the representatives of 50 states representing 2/3rd of the world population.
The name United Nations was given at the instance of US President Roosevelt.
The Charter or Constitution was formed at Dumbarton Oaks (Washington DC) Conference by USSR, UK, US and China.
Formally came into existence on Oct 24, 1945.
First regular session was held in London in Jan, 1946 and Trygve Le (Norway) was elected the first Secretary General.
António Guterres is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations.
He is the ninth Secretary-General, his term began 1 January 2017.
The list of Secretaries-General, with the date of their term in office, is:
1. Trygve Lie, from Norway, 1946-1952
2. Dag Hammarskjöld, from Sweden, 1953-1961
3. U Thant, from Burma (now Myanmar), 1961-1971
4. Kurt Waldheim, from Austria, 1972-1981
5. Javier Perez de Cuellar, from Peru, 1982-1991
6. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, from Egypt, 1992-1996
7. Kofi A. Annan, from Ghana, 1997-2006
8. Ban Ki-Moon, from Republic of Korea, 2007-2016
9. António Guterres, from Portugal, 2017-Present
Gladwyn Jebb, from the United Kingdom, served as Acting Secretary-General from 24 October 1945 – 1 February 1946.
US, UK, CHINA, FRANCE AND RUSSIA are the permanent members of the security Council.
Principal Organs Of UNO :The United Nations has six principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.
SOME IMPORTANT U. N AGENCIES :
1) ILO [International Labour Organisation] :
Estd.in: 1919
Headquarters : Geneva
Purpose : To improve conditions and living standard of workers.
2) WHO [ World Health Organisation] :
Estd. In : 1948
Headquarters: Geneva
Purpose : Attainment of highest possible level of health by all people.
3) UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation] :
Estd. In : 1946
Headquarters : Paris
Purpose : To promote collaboration among nations through education, science and culture.
4) IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency] :
Estd. In : 1957
Headquarters : Vienna
Purpose: To promote peaceful uses of atomic energy.
5) UNICEF [ United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund] :
Estd. In: 1946
Headquarters : New York
Purpose : To promote children’s welfare all over the world.
6) UNHCR [ United Nations High Commission For Refugees] :
Estd. In : 1950
Headquarters : Geneva
Purpose : To provide protection to Refugees.
7) UNFPA [ United Nations Fund For Population Activities] :
Estd. In : 1967
Headquarters : New York
Purpose : For formulating population policies.
8) UNCTAD [ United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ] :
Estd. In : 1964
Headquarters : Geneva
Purpose : Promotes international trade to accelerate economic growth of developing countries.
9) ICAO [ International Civil Aviation Organisation] :
Estd. In : 1947
Headquarters: Montreal
Purpose : promotes safety of international aviation.
10) IMF [ International Monetary Fund] :
Estd. In : 1945
Headquarters : Washington D. C
Purpose : promotes international monetary cooperation.
11) IFC [ International Finance Corporation] :
Estd. In : 1956
Headquarters : Washington D. C
Purpose : Promote economic development by encouraging private enterprise in its member countries.
12) UPU [ Universal Postal Union]
Estd. In : 1947
Headquarters : Berne
Purpose : Improve various postal services in the world.
13) UNEP [ United Nations Environmental Programme] :
Estd. In : 1972
Headquarters : Nairobi
Purpose : promotes international co-operation in human environment.
14) UNIDO [ United Nations Industrial Development Organization] :
Estd. In : 1967
Headquarters : Geneva
Purpose : Sets international regulations for radio, telegraph, telephone and space radio Communication.
15) FAO [ Food and Agriculture Organization] :
Estd. In : 1945
Headquarters : Rome
Purpose : To improve living condition of rural population.
16) IBRD [ International Bank For Reconstruction and Development] :
Estd. In : 1945.
Headquarters : Washington D. C
Purpose : Development of economies of members by facilating investment of capitals by providing loans.
17) WMO [ World Meteorological Organization] :
Estd. In : 1950
Headquarters : Geneva
Purpose : Promote international exchange of weather reports.
18) WTO [ World Trade Organization] :
Estd. In : 1995
Headquarters : Geneva
Purpose : setting rules for world trade to reduce tariffs.
19) UNDP [ United Nations Development Programme] :
Estd. In : 1965
Headquarters : New York Purpose : Help developing countries increase the wealth producing capabilities of their natural and human resources.
20) IMCO [ Inter Government Maritime Consultative Organizations] :
Estd. In : 1958
Headquarters : London
Purpose : promotes co-operation on technical matters of maritime safety, navigation and encourage anti pollution measures.
21) IDA [International Development Association] :
Estd. In : 1960
Headquarters : Washington D. C
Purpose : An affiliate of the world Bank, aims to help under-developed countries raise living standards.
22) ITU [ International Tele Communications Union] :
Estd. In : 1947
Headquarters : Geneva
Purpose : sets international regulations for radio telegraph, telephone and space radio Communications.
23) UNITAR [ United Nations for Training and Resarch] :
Estd. In : 1965
Headquarters : New York
Purpose : provides training and research to help fa UN objectives of world peace and security of economic and social progress.
24) UNRWA [ The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees] :
Estd. In : 1949
Headquarters : New York
Purpose : Provides basic amenities and education for the victims of Arab-Israel War.
25) UNFPA [ United Nations Fund for Population Activities] :
Estd. In : 1967
Headquarters : New York
Purpose : Studying population dynamics, collecting population data, formulating and evolving planning and related programmes.